Atlantis Beneath the Ice Read online

  8. Boas, Kutenai Tales, 281.

  9. Ibid., 231.

  10. Bancroft, Native Races, vol. III, 153–54.

  11. Lowie, Anthropological Papers, 293.

  12. Farmer, Beginnings, vol. XX, part III, 127.

  13. Dictionary of Indian Tribes of the Americas, vol. 3, 455–60.

  14. Freund, Myths of Creation, 11.

  15. Dockstader, “Pima,” in Dictionary of Indian Tribes of the Americas.

  16. Over, Sun Songs, 30–31.

  17. Ibid., 28.

  18. Alexander, “North America,” in Gray, Moore, and MacCulloch, Mythology of All Races, vol. X, 222.

  19. Clark, Indian Tales, 42–43.

  20. Ibid., 14–15.

  21. Ibid., 31–32.

  22. Dixon, “Achomawial Atsugewi Tales,” 169.

  23. Dixon, “Ahasta Myths,” 36.

  24. Mooney, Myths of the Cherokee, 252–54.

  25. Olcott, Sun Lore of All Ages, 60.

  26. Bancroft, Native Races, vol. III, 154.

  27. Freund, Myths of Creation, 10.

  28. New Larouse Encyclopedia of Mythology, 445.

  29. Zarte, Discovery and Conquest of Peru, 49.

  30. Alexander, “Latin America,” in Gray, Moore, and MacCulloch, Mythology of All Races, vol. XI, 202.

  31. de Leon, Incas of Pedro de Cieza de Leon, 27.

  32. Banelier, Islands of Titicaca and Koati, 257.

  33. Bingham, “Story of Machu Picchu,” 183.

  34. Ibid., 181.

  35. Ibid., 185.

  36. Ibid., 183.

  37. Bingham, Lost City of the Incas, 35.

  38. Canby, “Anasazi.” See also: Sofaer, Sun Dagger.

  39. MacCulloch and Machal, “Celtic, Slavic,” in Gray, Moore and MacCulloch, Mythology of All Races, vol. III, 12.

  40. Over, Sun Songs, 165.

  41. Homberg, “Finno-Ugric, Siberian,” in Gray, Moore, and MacCulloch, Mythology of All Races, vol. IV, 312.

  42. Muller, “Egyptian,” in Gray, Moore, and MacCulloch, Mythology of All Races, vol. XII, 82.

  43. Ibid., 39.

  44. Plumley, “Cosmology of Ancient Egypt,” 25–26.

  45. Kirk and Raven, Presocratic Philosophers, 13.

  CHAPTER 4. ATLANTIS IN ANTARCTICA

  1. Plato, Timaeus of Plato, 65.

  2. Plutarch, Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans, 54–55.

  3. Ibid., 38.

  4. Ibid., 69.

  5. Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, vol. II, 343.

  6. Lewis, Continent for Science, 3.

  7. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 341.

  8. Plato, Timaeus of Plato, 69–70; Plato, Critias, Cletophon, Menexenus, Epistles, 31–33; Plato, Timaeus and Critias, 34–35.

  9. Plato, Timaeus of Plato, 70; Plato, Critias, Cletophon, Menexenus, Epistles, 33; Plato, Timaeus and Critias, 35.

  10. Aristotle, “On the Universe,” 208.

  11. Anikouchine and Sternberg, World Ocean, 2.

  12. Plato, Timaeus of Plato.

  13. Pindar, in Warmington, Greek Geography, 77.

  14. Plato, Timaeus of Plato, no. 8, 141.

  15. Whitaker, Almanack, 1176.

  16. Encyclopedia Americana: International Edition, vol. 7, 688.

  17. Plato, Timaeus of Plato, 79; Plato, Critias, Cletophon, Menexenus, Epistles, 41; Plato, Timaeus and Critias, 37.

  18. Plato, Timaeus and Critias.

  CHAPTER 5. THE LOST ISLAND PARADISE

  1. Fedje and Josenhans, “Drowned Forest and Archaeology,” 101.

  2. Flem-Ath and Flem-Ath, “A Knife that Shut Up,” 9–16.

  3. Alexander, “North America,” in Moore, Gray, and MacCulloch, Mythology of All Races, vol. X, 249–50.

  4. Barbeau, Haida Myths, 187.

  5. Greenberg, Turner, and Zegura, “Settlement of the Americas,” 479.

  6. Ruhlen, “Voices from the Past,” 10.

  7. Moore, “Pre-Neolithic Farmer’s Village,” 62–70.

  8. New Larouse Encyclopaedia of Mythology, 55.

  9. Ibid., 62.

  10. Moore, Gray, and MacCulloch, Mythology of All Races, vol. VI, 208.

  11. New Larouse Encyclopaedia of Mythology, 62.

  12. Bibby, Looking for Dilmun, ch. 2.

  13. Brinchurst, “Poem of the Elders,” 75.

  14. Ernst-Martin, Feldkeller, and Russell, “Ankylosing Spondylitis,” 1–5.

  15. Stykes, Seven Daughters of Eve.

  CHAPTER 6. AZTLAN AND THE POLAR PARADISE

  1. Posnansky, Tihuanacu, vol. 1, 11.

  2. Ibid., 89–90.

  3. West, Serpent in the Sky.

  4. Roberts, “Riddle of the Sphinx,” 27.

  5. Bauval and Gilbert, Orion Mystery.

  6. Scham, “World’s First Temple.”

  7. See the Collins interview, “Göbekli Tepe,” and Schoch’s article, “Searching for the Dawn.”

  8. La Berre, “Aymara Indians,” 9.

  9. de Leon, in Heyerdahl, American Indians in the Pacific, 231.

  10. Mylrea, “Computer Helps Preserve Language,” 8.

  11. Barnes, “Ancient Purity and Polyglot Programs,” 13; see also Atamiri Multilingual MT–System, www.atamiri.cc/en (accessed August 19, 2011).

  12. Posnansky, Tihuanacu vol. 1, 2.

  13. Burland, Montezuma, ch. 6 and 10; and Collins, Cortes and Montezuma, ch. 5.

  14. Burland, Montezuma, 183.

  15. Ibid., 165.

  16. Ibid., 169–70.

  17. Collins, Cortes and Montezuma, 56–60.

  18. del Castillo, Discovery and Conquest of Mexico, 32.

  19. Bancroft, Native Races, vol. III, 469.

  20. Brundage, Fifth Sun, 6.

  21. Sorenson, “Significance of an Apparent Relationship,” 239.

  22. Donnelly, Atlantis, 326.

  23. Palmer, Dictionary of Mythical Places.

  24. Alexander, “North America,” in Moore, Gray, and MacCulloch, Mythology of All Races, vol. X, 113–14.

  25. Prescott, History of the Conquest of Mexico, 693.

  26. Shirer, Gandhi, 85.

  27. Tilak, Arctic Home in the Vedas, 419.

  28. Ibid., 72.

  29. Warren, Paradise Found, 193–96.

  30. Ibid., 141.

  31. Ibid., 140–41.

  32. Ibid., 225.

  CHAPTER 7. ATLANTEAN MAPS

  1. Al-Nadim, Fihrist of al-Nadim, 583.

  2. Ibid., 584.

  3. Hapgood, Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings, 41–42, 101.

  4. Vasiliev, History of the Byzantine Empire, 452.

  5. Ibid., 453.

  6. Ibid., 459.

  7. Ibid., 461.

  8. Yule, Book of Ser Marco Polo, 5.

  9. Kish, Source Book in Geography, 128.

  10. Sanceau, Henry the Navigator, 117.

  11. Cameron, Lodestone and Evening Star, 107.

  12. Sanceau, Henry the Navigator, 111.

  13. Hapgood, Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings, ch. 1–3.

  14. Ibid., ch. 4.

  15. Morison, Admiral of the Ocean Sea, 39.

  16. Bourne, Spain in America, 119.

  17. Connor, “Father Athanasius Kircher,” 459.

  18. Ibid., 460.

  19. Ibid., 458.

  20. Ibid., 460–61.

  CHAPTER 8. EMBERS OF HUMANKIND

  1. Plato, Laws, vol. 1, book III, 167–73.

  2. Zedar, “Domestication and Early Agriculture,” 11597–604.

  3. de Candolle, Origin of Cultivated Plants, 8.

  4. Vavilov, “Origin, Variation, Immunity, and Breeding of Cultivated Plants,” 20.

  5. Flem-Ath, “Global Model,” 2–7.

  6. Matsuoka et al., “Single Domestication for Maize,” 6080–84.

  7. de Leon, Incas of Pedro de Cieza de Leon, 27.

  8. Dillehay et al., “Preceramic Adoption,” 1890–93.

  9. Gorman, “A Priori Models and Thai Prehistory,” 321–56.

  10. Londo et al.,
“Phylogeography of Asian Wild Rice.”

  11. Gupta, “Origin of Agriculture,” 58.

  12. Muke, Denham, and Genorupa, “Nominating and Managing a World Heritage Site,” 324–38.

  13. Denham, “Envisaging Early Agriculture,” 162.

  14. Denham, “Food for Thought,” issue 4.

  CHAPTER 9. THE RING OF DEATH

  1. Please see Flem-Ath and Wilson, Atlantis Blueprint, app. 6, 345–51.

  2. Associated Press, “Bear-Bones.”

  3. Sutherland and Walker, “Late Devonsian Ice-Free Area,” 701–3.

  4. Guthrie, “Mammals of the Mammoth Steppe,” 309.

  5. Pitulko et al., “Yana RHS Site,” 55.

  6. Woelfli and Baltensperger, “Arctic East Siberia.”

  7. Cuvier, in Silverberg, Mammoths, Mastodons and Man, 101.

  8. Cuvier, “Revolutions and Catastrophes,” 11.

  9. Lurie, Louis Agassiz, 63–64.

  10. Davies, Earth in Decay, 6.

  11. Hutton, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 273.

  12. Hutton, Theory of the Earth, vol. I, 275.

  13. Ibid., 273.

  14. Ibid., vol. II, 547.

  15. Lyell, Principles of Geology, vol. III, 2–3.

  16. Gould, “Is Uniformitarianism Necessary?” 223–28.

  17. Agassiz, in Moore, The Earth We Live On, 140.

  18. Agassiz, in Lurie, Louis Agassiz, 98.

  19. Agassiz, Geological Sketches, vol. I, 210.

  20. Wallace, World of Life, 264.

  21. Lyell, as quoted by Hester, “The Agency of Man in Animal Extinctions,” 189.

  22. Martin, “Prehistoric Overkill,” 396.

  23. Vereschain and Baryshnikov, “Quaternary Mammal Extinctions,” 483–515.

  24. Stuart, “Who (or What) Killed the Giant Armadillo?” 29–32.

  25. Martin, “Prehistoric Overkill, 396.

  CHAPTER 10. BROKEN PARADIGM

  1. Perego et al., “Distinctive Paleo-Indian Migration Routes,” 2.

  2. Bryson, “DNA Tracks Ancient Alaskan’s Descendants.”

  3. Miotti and Salemme, “When Patagonia Was Colonized,” 97–98.

  4. Kenneth Beare, “Basic English Key Words List 1—Basic Verbs, Prepositions, Articles, etc.,” About.com, English as 2nd Language, http://esl.about.com/library/vocabulary/bl850_basics.htm (accessed August 19, 2011).

  5. Ibid.

  6. Loeb, “Religious Organizations,” 530.

  7. Plato, cited by Davis, First Sex, 28.

  8. Julia White, “The Yahgan,” Looking Back, www.meyna.com/yahgan.html (accessed August 19, 2011).

  9. Loeb, “Religious Organizations,” 517–56.

  10. Bryson, “DNA Tracks Ancient Alaskan’s Descendants.”

  11. Huddlesten, Origins of the American Indians, 56.

  12. Guthrie, “Mammals of the Mammoth Steppe,” 65.

  13. Watters and Stafford, “Redefining the Age of Clovis,” 1122.

  14. Nelson, “Evidence of the Earliest Americans,” 28.

  15. Scheinsohn, “Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology in South America,” 344–45.

  16. Plato, Timaeus and Critias.

  17. Scheinsohn, “Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology in South America,” 339.

  18. Dillehay, Monte Verde.

  CHAPTER 11. FINDING ATLANTIS

  1. Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, vol. 1, 29.

  2. Ibid., vol. 1, 37.

  3. Vico, New Science of Giambattista Vico, 68.

  4. Ibid., 57.

  5. Ibid., 60.

  6. Tylor, Primitive Culture, 255–56.

  7. Freud, “Psychopathology of Everyday Life,” 47–48.

  8. Jung and Kerenyi, Introduction to a Science of Mythology, 102–3.

  9. Lévi-Strauss, Structural Anthropology, 229.

  10. Campbell, Hero with a Thousand Faces, 4.

  11. Kuhn, Essential Tension, 322.

  12. Strabo, Geography of Strabo, 154.

  13. Proclus, Commentaries of Proclus, vol. 1, bk. 1, 164.

  14. Donnelly, Atlantis, 1.

  15. Ibid., 2.

  16. West, Mystery of the Sphinx.

  17. Time-Life Books, Mystic Places, 23.

  18. Lyell, Principles of Geology, vol. I, 2–3.

  19. Luce, End of Atlantis.

  20. Reiche, “Language of Archaic Astronomy,” 176.

  21. Epigraphic Society Occasional Papers, vol. 24, 245–65.

  22. Ibid., 257.

  23. Davis, The First Sex, 3.

  24. Ibid., 23.

  CHAPTER 12. CITY OF ATLANTIS

  1. Plato, Timaeus and Critias, 143.

  2. Ibid., 144.

  3. Ibid., 137.

  4. Ibid., 283.

  5. Flem-Ath and Wilson, Atlantis Blueprint, 318.

  6. Ibid.

  CHAPTER 13. WHY THE SKY FELL

  1. Flem-Ath and Wilson, The Atlantis Blueprint.

  2. Agassiz, Geological Sketches, 98.

  3. Croll, in Imbrie and Imbrie, Ice Ages, 80.

  4. Einstein, in Hapgood, Earth’s Shifting Crust, Foreword.

  5. Hays, Imbrie, and Schackleton, “Variations in the Earth’s Orbit,” 1121–32.

  6. Wegener, Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane.

  7. Ibid.

  8. Freedman, “Solar Typhoons.”

  9. Ibid.

  10. Woelfli and Baltensperger, “On the Change of Latitude.”

  11. Woelfli and Baltensperger, “Possible Explanation for Earth’s Climatic Changes.

  12. Ibid.

  APPENDIX. A GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL FOR THE ORIGINS OF AGRICULTURE AND THE SEQUENCE OF PRISTINE CIVILIZATIONS

  1. Hapgood, Earth’s Shifting Crust; and Hapgood, Path of the Pole.

  2. Harris, “Alternative Pathways toward Agriculture,” 179–244.

  3. Cohen, Food Crisis in Prehistory.

  4. Carter, “Hypothesis Suggesting a Single Origin of Agriculture,” 89–134.

  5. Vavilov, “Origin, Variation, Immunity, and Breeding of Cultivated Plants,” 14–54; and Harlan, “Agricultural Origins,” 468–74.

  6. Boserup, Conditions of Agricultural Growth.

  7. Harris, “Alternative Pathways toward Agriculture.”

  8. Vavilov, “The Origin, Variation, Immunity, and Breeding of Cultivated Plants.”

  9. Childe, Man Makes Himself.

  10. Binford, “Post Pleistocene Adaptations,” 313–41.

  11. Cohen, Food Crisis in Prehistory, 8.

  12. Einstein, in Hapgood, Earth’s Shifting Crust.

  13. Langway, Hansen, and Lyle, “Drilling through the Ice Cap,” 202.

  14. Vavilov, “Origin, Variation, Immunity, and Breeding of Cultivated Plants.”

  15. MacNeish, “Beginnings of Agriculture in Central Peru,” 753–802.

  16. Pickersgill and Heiser, “Origins and Distribution of Plants,” 803–36.

  17. Solheim, “Earlier Agricultural Revolution,” 34–41.

  18. Gorman, “A Priori Models and Thai Prehistory,” 321–56.

  19. Wendorf, “Late Palaeolithic Sites in Egyptian Nubia,” 791–953.

  20. Hapgood, Path of the Pole, ch. 10.

  21. Kuhn, Structure of Scientific Revolutions.

  22. Eddy, “Historical and Arboreal Evidence for a Changing Sun,” 11–34.

  23. Gribbon, Strangest Star.

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